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Phoenicia (nonstandardly, Phenicia;
pronounced /fɨˈnɪʃiə/, Greek: Φοινίκη: Phoiníkē,
Latin: Phœnicia) was an ancient civilization
centered in the north of ancient Canaan, with its
heartland along the coastal regions of modern day
Lebanon, Syria and Israel. Phoenician civilization
was an enterprising maritime trading culture that
spread across the Mediterranean between the period
of 1200 BC to 900 BC. Though ancient boundaries of
such city-centered cultures fluctuated, the city of
Tyre seems to have been the southernmost. Sarepta
(modern day Sarafand) between Sidon and Tyre, is the
most thoroughly excavated city of the Phoenician
homeland. The Phoenicians often traded by means of a
galley, a man-powered sailing vessel. They were the
first civilization to create the bireme.
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